Tirzepatide (GIP and GLP-1 Receptor agonist)

Overview

Tirzepatide is a novel dual GIP (Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide) and GLP-1 (Glucagon-like Peptide-1) receptor agonist. It is a synthetic peptide designed to mimic the actions of both GIP and GLP-1, two incretin hormones that play key roles in regulating blood glucose and energy metabolism. Tirzepatide is used primarily in the management of type 2 diabetes and obesity due to its potent effects on improving glycemic control and promoting weight loss. It is marketed as a subcutaneous injectable medication.

Tirzepatide (GIP and GLP-1 Receptor agonist) Mechanism of Action

Tirzepatide acts by binding to and activating both GIP and GLP-1 receptors. This dual agonism enhances insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner and reduces glucagon levels, helping to regulate blood sugar. The GIP component promotes insulin sensitivity, while the GLP-1 component slows gastric emptying, reduces appetite, and increases satiety. Together, these effects contribute to improved glycemic control, weight reduction, and better metabolic outcomes.

GIP (Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide): Increases insulin secretion and improves fat metabolism.
GLP-1 (Glucagon-like Peptide-1): Enhances insulin release, reduces glucagon secretion, and delays gastric emptying, leading to better blood sugar control and appetite suppression.

Tirzepatide (GIP and GLP-1 Receptor agonist) Dosage

Tirzepatide is typically administered as a subcutaneous injection once weekly. Dosages range from 5 mg to 15 mg, depending on patient response and treatment goals. It is often titrated up to avoid gastrointestinal side effects.

Tirzepatide (GIP and GLP-1 Receptor agonist) Side Effects

Common side effects of tirzepatide include:

Gastrointestinal: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation.
Metabolic: Hypoglycemia (especially when used with insulin or sulfonylureas), decreased appetite.
Injection site reactions: Pain, swelling, or redness at the injection site.
Others: Fatigue, dizziness, potential for pancreatitis (rare).

Tirzepatide (GIP and GLP-1 Receptor agonist) Interactions

Tirzepatide may interact with medications affecting blood sugar levels, such as insulin or sulfonylureas, increasing the risk of hypoglycemia. It may also interact with drugs that delay gastric emptying, such as certain anticholinergics.